Salt and ice Minnesotas battle

Salt and Ice atomic number 25s Battle Abstract Salt is applied in the thousands of tons all(prenominal) year to tighten crank and, in turn, reduce accidents on Minnesota roads. When the ice and snow pass off each spring, the majority of this firmness of purpose is relieved into rivers and lakes through storm drains on Minnesota roads. The flavour negatively affects fish and aquatic plants by dehydrating them and altering fertilization. The damaging effects of atomic number 11 chloride argon long margin and non easily repaired. The Minnesota Department of Transportation drop take ffective action by cut sodium chloride custom and opting to alternate the biodegradable solution potassium formate.Every year the metropolitan area of Minnesota uses 350,00 tons, commerical and government, of road salt. (Homstad). To put this in perspective, if the salt was distributed to the residence of the Minneapolis-St. Paul area, each person would lay 260 pounds of salt on the roads. Sodium Chloride(NaCL), the salt that is applied to roads, is the most common practice to reduce ice on roads in Minnesota and around snowy parts of the United States. Salt has been the most hard-hitting means of deicing roads because it tear downs the freezing point of water, there for head for the hillsing the snow, and it is the one of the cheapest products to use.According to a study do by Marquette University in 1992, accident rates are eight times richlyer when salt is not applied to icy, snowy roads. Salt is proven an effective reducer of accidents (Kuemmel). What people commonly are not aware of is that salt is generally effective until 1 5 degrees farenheit. After that point, the salts ability to break the attach between the ice and the road rapidily decreases ntil, at about 5f, salt is no longer a rule to melt ice. Once the ice and snow melt, the water product runs into storm drains, which consiquntly drain into our bodies of water.The main drain exit of metro storm drain s is into our rivers and streams. The most common the Mississippi river. Studies vary but between 70 and 80 percent of all salt applied to roads, ends up in water bodies. Both sodium and chloride are natural products, both already present in water and in invigoration species. However, increase levels of both elements have a deadly, long term effect on aquatic life. Chloride in high concentrations is especially harmful to fresh water aquatic life. It dehydrates plants and reduces areation in water, giving fish less oxygen.The salt, excessively draws moisture from fish and water species, creating an imblance in electrolytes (Marshall). Not only does this imbalance kill and harm living fish, it often times creates alterations in the tisn a ast. Otten time this chloride increase reduces fishs fertility and increases disease suseptibilty for generations to come. Education pass on only go so far. Humans, especially Americans, have a psycological ard-wiring to think that more is more. N aturally, the assumption is make that applying more salt deices the roads faster. This is incorrect. We generally need a very small summate.Increase in amount does not lower the freezing point further. The most viable solution is to use alternative chemicals to melt salt. Potassium formate is a more costly alternative. The substance melts ice at about the same temperateure that salt does however, the product is biodegradeable. (Mtt) It has bantam to no negative effects in water and generally biodegrades in the ground before ever reaching the water. IJSNLM) The product is man-made, so it is more costly, however a little bit goes a long way with the substance and it does not contain chloride the most harmful chemical element in salt.The solution is not to replace salt. Salt is an effective deicer and with reduced usage and usage n rotation with potassium formate, chloride levels will be lowered in water bodies. Training programs are currently in the works to educate snowplow driver s and residence as to how much salt is necessary. (MPCA) The drivers who took these classes significantly reduced the amount of salt they were dispersing on roads owever they are not mandatory so not all drivers are taking them and there for the overall effect is quite small.Storm drain alterations are a solution but not an effective enough one. In placeing filterationg systems within them small amounts of salt can be prevented from entering lakes and rivers. These filteration systems would still allow the majority of chloride to enter water bodies because upon sodium chloride melting ice it sperates itself into its two elements and essentially disolves in the water. Understandably, tax payers may disagree with the higher price of potassium ormate. However, the solution is not to replace salt with this substance.The solution is to use potassium formate in conjunction with salt therefore, minify salt usage and chloride concentrations in water bodies. The price would only be slightl y more and would reduce prices for fish when more can be naturally harvested. The price for water filtration and purification will lower as well when salinity levels decrease. With correct usage, Potassium formate is only needed in small quantities. The wellbeing to consumers being able to consume more local fresh water fish is also valuable.